Human trafficking, most commonly, is referred to as the illegal trade of humans for the purpose of sex trafficking and forced labor. As per the Global Slavery Index of 2018, India fared 53 out of a total of 167 countries. The occurrence of Human trafficking can be traced back to the history-old gender-based discrimination faced by women. The heavily patriarchal society leaves girls with limited access to education, leading to gender gaps in both literacy and earning rates. As per the 2011 census data, out of the total 74 % literacy rate in India, only 65 % were women.

According to the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), there were 6,877 human trafficking cases were reported in India. The figures, however, remained a gross under-estimate as many cases were unreported as many people are still unaware of the crime or lacking the confidence to seek help from the administration. The data also suggest that over 60 % of the victims rescued were children. The women and girls accounted for around 55 % and the age-bracket of 15-18 years appears to most vulnerable.

The Government of India is working progressively to fight against human trafficking, particularly by strengthening border security and increasing the budget to aid the victims of human trafficking and drafting of The Trafficking of Persons (Prevention, Protection and Rehabilitation) Bill, 2018. The Bill also includes provision for rehabilitation of victim, redressing physical and mental trauma as well as education and skill development. The sensitisation of the society is of utmost importance and the role of civil society stands tall here.